Benchmarking Continuum Solvent Models for Keto–Enol Tautomerizations

McCann, B. W.; McFarland, S.; Acevedo, O. J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119, 8724-8733
Contributed by Steven Bachrach.
Reposted from Computational Organic Chemistry with permission

The keto-enol tautomerization is a fundamental concept in organic chemistry, taught in the introductory college course. As such, it provides an excellent test reaction to benchmark the performance computational methods. Acevedo and colleagues have reported just such a benchmark study.¹

First, the compare a wide variety of methods, ranging from semi-empirical, to DFT, and to composite procedures, with experimental gas-phase free energy of tautomerization. They use seven such examples, two of which are shown in Scheme 1. The best results from each computation category are AM1, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.73 kcal mol^-1, M06/6-31+G(d,p), with a MAE of 0.71 kcal mol^-1, and G4, with a MAE of 0.95 kcal mol^-1. All of the modern functionals do a fairly good job, with MAEs less than 1.3 kcal mol^-1.

Scheme 1

As might be expected, the errors were appreciably larger for predicting the free energy of tautomerization, with a good spread of errors depending on the method for handling solvent (PCM, CPCM, SMD) and the choice of cavity radius. The best results were with the G4/PCM/UA0 procedure, though M06/6-31+G(d,p)/PCM and either UA0 or UFF performed quite well, at considerably less computational expense.

References

(1) McCann, B. W.; McFarland, S.; Acevedo, O. "Benchmarking Continuum Solvent Models for Keto–Enol Tautomerizations," J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119, 8724-8733, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04116.

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